Certainly! To finance health services for those who cannot afford them? Yes, but which services and how? To provide health services for the poor? Perhaps, but experience tells a sorry tale of these endeavours in many countries. This debate about the financing and provision of health services for the poor quickly becomes a debate about targeting. How does one ensure that the expenditures and services intended for the poor actually reach and benefit the poor? There is much evidence, including that published in this issue of the Bulletin, that public subsidies be they for health, education, water, power, food or whatever intended to promote equity and benefit the poor are largely captured by the non-poor , especially by the middle class. Provision of free university education provides a classic example of this. Because of this difficulty there have been many experiments in targeting by geographical area or by individual but the results have often been disappointing. Targeting by disease